It is important to move beyond epidemiological assessments here, as there
are many factors that can affect a proper interpretation.   I don't feel
that the main players - the Heart Health people - have been on target with
this issue.  My concern relates to basic mechanisms and the overwhelming
scientific evidence that is present.  The studies are out there, beginning
with Mensink & Katan. (N. Engl. J. Med. 323:439-45 (1990))  I have attached
a non-exclusive list below.


Regards

EB


-_____________________________
Ed Blonz, Ph.D.
001 510-525-6925 (phone/fax)
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Website:   http://blonz.com


-----Original Message-----
From: Health Promotion on the Internet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf
Of Dennis Raphael
Sent: Friday, December 12, 2003 10:18 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: Toronto Star Story... The Trans Fat Angle


Read stuff, sorry, not convinced.  In the past the Heart Health people have
claimed that the decline in mortality the past 20 years due to CVD in NA was
due to people moving away from butter to margarine.  Now we hear that
margarine is the culprit!  It doesn't resonate with me!  Even IF transfat
contributes to CVD, its effects would be minor compared to any number of
social determinants of health.  And when you consider that the number of
news stories that report on SDOH on any given year can be counted on one
hand, we have a serious imbalance here.

Interesting issue though, what is SO interesting is the hysteria about this
as opposed to the GROWING number of hungry people in NA

dr

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Reading List:


Alam SQ, Ren YF, Alam BS. Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on some
membrane- associated enzymes and receptors in rat heart. Lipids 1989; 24:39-
44.

Anderson JT, Grande F, Keys A. Hydrogenated Fats in the Diet and Lipids of
Man. J Nutr 1961; 75:388- 394.

Anonymous. McDonald's Should Revert to Old Fries, says CNI. Nutrition Week
1993; 23 (May 28):3

Atal S. The effects of dietary trans fatty acids on adipose tissue
composition and metabolism in male C57Bl/6J mice. College Park, MD: Doctoral
Dissertation, University of Maryland, 1990:

Barnard DE, Sampugna J, Berlin E, Bhathena SJ, Knapka JJ. Dietary trans
fatty acids modulate erythrocyte membrane fatty acyl composition and insulin
binding in monkeys. J Nutr Biochem 1990; 1:190- 195.

Blackburn GL, Kater G, Mascioli EA, Kowalchuk M, Babayan VK, Bistrian BR. A
Reevaluation of Coconut Oil's Effect on Serum Cholesterol and Atherogenesis.
J Philippine Med Assoc 1989; 65:144- 152.

Enig MG. Trans Fatty Acids in the Food Supply: A comprehensive report
covering 60 years of research. Silver Spring, MD: Enig Assoc., 1993:

Enig MG. Modification of Membrane Lipid Composition and Mixed- function
oxidases in mouse liver Microsomes by Dietary trans fatty acids. College
Park, MD: Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland, 1984:

Enig MG, Munn RJ, Keeney M. Dietary Fat and Cancer Trends - - A critique.
Federation Proceedings 1978; 37:2215- 2220.

Hodgson J, Wahlqvist M, Boxall J, Balazs N. Can linoleic acid Contribute to
Coronary Heart Disease? Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993; 58:228- 34.

Hogan ML, Shamsuddin AM. Large intestinal carcinogenesis. I. Promotional
effect of dietary fatty acid isomers in the rat model. J Natl Cancer Inst
1984; 73:1293- 1296.

Holman RT, Pusch F, Svingen B, Dutton HJ. Unusual isomeric polyunsaturated
fatty acids in liver phospholipids of rats fed hydrogenated oil. Proc Natl
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Holman RT. The importance of double bond position in the metabolism of
unsaturated fatty acids. In: Emken EA, Dutton HJ, eds. Geometrical and
Positional Fatty Acid Isomers. Champaign, IL: Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.,
1979:283- 302.

Koletzko B. Trans fatty acids may impair biosynthesis of long- chain
polyunsaturates and growth in man. Acta Paediatr 1992; 81:302- 306.

Koletzko B. [Supply, metabolism and biological effects of trans- isomeric
fatty acids in infants] Zufuhr, Stoffwechsel und biologische Wirkungen
trans- isomerer Fettsauren bei Sauglingen. Nahrung 1991; 35:229- 283.

Koletzko B, Muller J. Cis- and trans- isomeric fatty acids in plasma lipids
of newborn infants and their mothers. Biol Neonate 1990; 57:172- 178.

Kritchevsky D. Diet and cholesteremia. Lipids 1977; 12:49- 52.

Kuller LH; Trans Fatty Acids and Dieting. Lancet 1993; 341:1093- 4.

Kuller LH. Trans fatty acids and dieting [letter]. Lancet 1993; 341:1093-
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Leonard RE. Icons of American Diet Crash Into New Reality. Nutrition Week
October 9,1992; 4- 5.

Mantey S. The effect of trans fatty acids on some Murine T and B Cell
functions. College Park, MD: Master's Thesis, University of Maryland, 1985:

McMillan, G. C.; Silver, M. D. & Weigensberg, Elaidinized olive oil and
cholesterol atherosclerosis. B. I. Arch. Pathol. 76:106-12 (1963)

Mensink, R. P. & Katan, M. B.Effect of dietary trans fatty acid on
high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy
subjects.  N. Engl. J. Med. 323:439-45 (1990)

Mensink RP, Zock PL, Katan MB, Hornstra G. Effect of dietary cis and trans
fatty acids on serum lipoprotein[a] levels in humans. J Lipid Res 1992;
33:1493- 1501.

Ostlund- Lindqvist AM, Albanus L, Croon LB. Effect of dietary trans fatty
acids on microsomal enzymes and membranes. Lipids 1985; 20:620- 624.

Pallansch LA. Metabolic Fate and Effect of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids.
College Park, MD: Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland, 1983:

Ponder DL, Green NR. Effects of dietary fats and butylated hydroxytoluene on
mutagen activation in rats. Cancer Res 1985; 45:558- 560.

Pownall HJ, Shepherd J, Mantulin WW, Sklar LA, Gotto AM, Tauton OD. Effect
of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the composition and structure
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Ruttenberg, H.; Davidson, L. M.; Little, N. A.; Klurfeld, D. M. &
Kritchevsky, David J.Influence of trans-unsaturated fats on experimental
atherosclerosis in rabbits.  Nutr. 113:835-44 (1983)

Sampugna J, Casterline J , Enig MG, Keeney M. Influence of a margarine
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Soc 1980; 57:Abstract # 178:

Siguel EN, Lerman RH. Trans Fatty Acid Patterns in Patients with
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Teter BB, Sampugna J, Keeney M. Milk fat depression in C57Bl/6J mice
consuming partially hydrogenated fat. J Nutr 1990; 120:818- 824.

Teter BB. Alterations in milk fat percent and composition by isomeric fatty
acids. College Park, MD: Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland,
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van den Reek MM, Craig- Schmidt MC, Weete JD, Clark AJ. Fat in the diets of
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van den Reek MM, Craig- Schmidt MC, Clark AJ. Use of published analyses of
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1986; 86:1391- 1394.

Wansil BJ, Herbein JH, Watkins BA. Effects of Dietary and Ruminally- Derived
trans C18:1 Content. FASEB J 1991; 5:A1306, Abst. 5427:

Watkins BA. Bioactive Lipids in Poultry. Washington, D.C.: FASEB Conference:
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Weigensberg, B. I.; McMillan, G. C. & Ritchie, Elaidic acid: Effect on
experimental atherosclerosis. A. C. Arch. Pathol. 72:126-34 (1961)

Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Intake of trans fatty acids and
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Woodhill JM, Palmer AJ, Leelarthaepin B, McGilchrist C, Blacket R . Low Fat,
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Exptl Med Biol 1977; 109:317- 330.

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