Hi all - This is an interesting study on VLT placement
in Montreal - the whole text may be available if one
does a search.  I have a copy of the whole study if
anyone wants me to forward it individually.  Regards,
Christine McKay (Ottawa)

Opportunities for Video Lottery
Terminal Gambling in Montréal
An Environmental Analysis
Jason A. Gilliland, PhD
Nancy A. Ross, PhD

JANUARY – FEBRUARY 2005 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC
HEALTH 55


ABSTRACT
Background: In the province of Québec, video lottery
terminal (VLT) gambling has
proliferated under government control since 1993. The
aims of this study were to describe
the spatial distribution of video lottery terminals
(VLTs) in the municipalities of Montréal
and Laval and to identify neighbourhood socio-economic
conditions associated with their
distribution.

Method: Locations of all establishments holding VLT
licences in Montréal and Laval
(n=834) were geocoded by their street address.
Boroughs (n=49) were characterized by
socio-economic indicators (unemployment, educational
attainment, lone parenthood), a
neighbourhood distress index, and measures of VLT
prevalence, VLT adoption and VLT
density.

Results: VLT prevalence, adoption and density were
strongly correlated (p<0.01) with
lower borough socio-economic conditions. Although
liquor establishments were also more
likely to be located in poorer neighbourhoods, the
adoption rate of VLT licences by bars in
poorer neighbourhoods was systematically higher than
in more affluent ones.

Conclusions: The spatial distribution of VLTs in
Montréal and Laval closely reflects local
geographies of socio-economic disadvantage. Any public
health effort to reduce the
burden of gambling-related health and social problems
must recognize the spatial
distortion of gambling opportunities in the urban
environment.

MeSH terms: gambling; geographic factors; social
environment; geographic information
systems


1. Department of Geography, University of Western
Ontario, London, ON
2. Department of Geography, McGill University,
Montreal, QC

Correspondence and reprint requests: Dr. Jason
Gilliland, Dept of Geography, Social Science Centre,
University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2,
Tel: 519-661-2111 ext. 81239, Fax: 519-661-
3750, E-mail: [log in to unmask]

Acknowledgements and disclaimers: The authors are
grateful for the support of research team members
Jeffrey Derevensky, Rina Gupta, Sherry Olson; research
assistants Kevin Brown, Stephanie Coen,
Dan Crouse, Katie Graham, Saeeda Khan; and the
International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems
and High-Risk Behaviors. This research was supported
by a grant to Drs. Ross, Gilliland, Olson,
Gupta and Derevensky from the Fonds québécois de la
recherche sur la société et la culture;
however, the views expressed herein are entirely our
own.


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