Hi
When I read your message, which I share, I remembered an article that now I
could find in my files.
I want to share it with you. I think that is in line with the academic
concerns you have raised and with the ideological and politic line that you
are invited.
I join your efforts and I send you the reference and abstract
Roman Restrepo

Robert Goodland, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences) The Institutionalized Use of
Force in Economic Development: With special reference to the World Bank
Summary
Many economic development projects depend on the displacement of people from
their homes and land to make way for large-scale projects such as highways,
land colonization, irrigation schemes and hydro reservoirs. Such projects
often result in trauma to the affected communities. There are two
contrasting types of involuntary displacement: first, urban displacement,
and second, rural displacement. Urban displacement often has less of impact
because, while people are forcibly removed from their dwellings, their jobs,
their markets, and their support groups, their society and relationships
remain relatively intact, and they usually find another dwelling in a nearby
street. Traumatic and harmful as urban displacement often is, it is not the
focus of this chapter.
Rural displacement, our focus in this chapter, shatters the family from its
resource base, confiscates land and farms, smashes informal relationships
and support groups, ruptures market links, and precludes the informal
gathering of forest products, fish and aquatic resources, as well as
medicinal substances. Development agencies openly accept the use of force as
a normal tool, not merely tolerated, but considered inevitable. However,
routine reliance on force has become unacceptable, and should be prohibited
in economic development projects. Readily available alternatives, such as
“Prior Fully Informed Consent,” must become the norm

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