Sheila B. Kamerman, Michelle Neuman, Jane Waldfogel and Jeanne
Brooks-Gunn
     OECD SOCIAL, EMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION WORKING PAPERS NO. 6
     Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD,  May 2003

     Available online as PDF file [56p.] at:
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/46/2955844.pdf

     ".......Child development and child well-being are major concerns in
many OECD countries and are the
     subject of ongoing work at the OECD. These concerns have led to a
search for policies to offset poverty,
     deprivation, vulnerability, and the risk factors that can trigger a
lifelong cycle of disadvantage. It is in this
     context that we carried out a review of the research literature on
child outcomes and of the different social
     policies that may affect them.

     The paper is organized in four parts:
     (1) a summary of child outcomes of concern in various OECD countries;
     (2) a discussion of one particular outcome, child poverty, and its
negative consequences for children;
     (3) a summary of the research linking different family types with
different outcomes; and
     (4) the social policies that may lead to different positive and
negative outcomes.

     Conclusions from this literature review are that knowledge-building is
proceeding, in particular, with regard to child poverty
     and the policies that can reduce or eliminate this problem. Going
beyond poverty, early childhood education and care
     services have positive consequences for children especially children
aged 2 or 3 to compulsory school entry, which can
     reduce early disadvantage. And one parent family status and parental
unemployment seem to have negative consequences
     for children, but there is less research addressing these
associations. Large and important gaps in the research continue to
     exist, especially with regard to comparative studies of child welfare
(child protection; foster care; adoption) and the
     prevention of child maltreatment, and studies of the situation of
children of immigrants and ethnic and racial minorities....."



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