When doing studies on the United States, I find it useful to use the
concept of "caring for children" rather than welfare state.
      In education
      In health care coverage

The words "welfare states" conjure up different images.

The real problems seem to me to be concentrations of wealth, health, and
income and concentrations of poverty, ignorance, and poor health.

Neither extreme functions efficiently. One because of poor education and
the other because of the need to rigidly structure existence to maintain
great wealth or restructure entire systems in inefficent ways to maintain
failing wealth.

The failure of conservative types and high income is that they fail to see
the additional costs of such structures and the threat of complete systems
breakdown until too late.

The failure of liberal types is in use of support and funding in the most
efficient and earliest and most invasive types of interventions and the sad
tendency of "programs" to reduce public involvement and participation and
effectiveness.

The breadth of income and education states do have better investment in
children in health and education, but in the broadest and earliest
categories. This tends to show up in high school graduation rate more than
college graduates.

The depth of income and education states tend to ignore children and focus
on the highest areas of higher education and investments in education after
low income types have dropped out, mainly because they never received much
investment as children. They often have higher college graduation rates,
but many have been recruited from other states and nations.

The so called "Welfare States" tend to be independent and support the
states who are, in reality, the most dependent.

Robert C. Bowman, M.D.
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