http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/17/business/17auto.html?hp

August 17, 2004
Safety Gap Grows Wider Between S.U.V.'s and Cars
By DANNY HAKIM

DETROIT, Aug. 16 - The gap in safety between sport utility vehicles and
passenger cars last year was the widest yet recorded, according to new
federal traffic data.

People driving or riding in a sport utility vehicle in 2003 were nearly 11
percent more likely to die in an accident than people in cars, the figures
show. The government began keeping detailed statistics on the safety of
vehicle categories in 1994.

S.U.V.'s continue to gain in popularity, despite safety concerns and the
vehicles' lagging fuel economy at a time when gasoline prices are high. For
the first seven months of 2004, S.U.V.'s accounted for 27.2 percent of all
light-duty vehicle sales, up from 26 percent in the period a year earlier,
according to Ward's AutoInfoBank. However, sales growth for the largest
sport utility vehicles has stalled lately, while small and medium-size
S.U.V.'s, engineered more like cars than pickup trucks, continue to make
rapid gains.

New figures from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shed
light on how wide the differences in safety can be from one vehicle to
another in the S.U.V. category, which now encompasses scores of models. For
example, a few newer S.U.V. models appear to have a sharply lower risk of
rolling over in an accident than other models.

Over all, crash fatalities declined across the board in 2003 to the lowest
levels in six years, the government figures show, with 42,643 people killed
in traffic accidents in the United States. Much of the decline appeared to
come from fewer people driving drunk and more people buckling up. But the
United States has not made as much progress as some other developed
nations, because rates of seat belt use remain lower here and because of
the growing numbers of S.U.V.'s and pickup trucks, which tend to pose
greater hazards than cars both to their occupants and to others on the
road.

Industry groups have insisted for years that S.U.V.'s are at least as safe
as passenger cars, if not safer. One group run by industry lobbyists,
called the Sport Utility Vehicle Owners of America, says on its Web site
that it is a myth that S.U.V.'s guzzle gas or that their higher rollover
rate makes them more dangerous for their occupants. Ron DeFore, a spokesman
for the group, cited statistics from the insurance industry, which found
last year that fatality rates for newer sport utility vehicles were
markedly improved from older models.

"Most people have gotten a skewed vision about the S.U.V. and think they're
unsafe, and that's just not true," Mr. DeFore said.

But the main reason for the safety gap in S.U.V. and car fatalities,
according to federal regulators, is that S.U.V.'s are more likely to roll
over, a particularly deadly accident event that is a symptom of their
higher ground clearance.

"It's largely a function of the rollover problem," said Rae Tyson, a
spokesman for the traffic agency. "In certain types of crashes, you're more
likely to be better off in an S.U.V., but that is offset by the fact the
you're more likely to roll over."

Joan Claybrook, president of the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen and
a former top auto safety regulator, said, "There's no question that the
rollover problem with S.U.V.'s really undermines their safety."

The traffic safety agency reported last week that there were 16.42 deaths
of S.U.V. occupants in accidents last year for every 100,000 registered
S.U.V.'s. The figure for passenger cars was 14.85 deaths for each 100,000
registered; pickups were slightly higher than cars at 15.17 deaths per
100,000, while vans were lowest at 11.2 occupant deaths for every 100,000
registered.

But not all S.U.V.'s are alike. New government data shows how much better
some S.U.V.'s fare than others in tipping situations, the category's weak
spot.

This year, the government started conducting rollover tests on a test track
rather than merely analyzing the vehicle's dimensions on paper to determine
rollover risk, as it had done in the past. One-third of the 2004-model
S.U.V.'s that it tested tipped up on two wheels, halting the tests of those
vehicles. One S.U.V. made by General Motors, the Saturn Vue, even had its
suspension break on both the two- and four-wheel drive models, prompting
G.M. to recall the vehicle. No passenger car tipped during the testing.

The traffic agency has also released new rankings of rollover risk for many
2004 models. It calculated that the Honda Pilot S.U.V. has only a 16
percent chance of rolling over during a single-vehicle crash, compared with
a 26 percent chance for the Chevrolet Tahoe and for many versions of the
Ford Explorer.

The Chrysler Pacifica, an S.U.V. that somewhat resembles a station wagon,
was found to have only a 13 to 14 percent risk, comparable to passenger
cars, which ranged from an 8 percent risk for the Mazda RX-8 to 15.5
percent for the Subaru Outback wagon.

Rollover risk, though, is only one part of the safety picture. In crashes
between vehicles, heavier vehicles tend to perform better than lighter
ones, which is one reason that the smallest cars tend to have the highest
occupant-fatality rates. The ways that people who own different types of
vehicles tend to drive them is also a factor, especially in the case of
sports cars.

But weight is not a simple proxy for safety. In a federal crash study this
year, large passenger cars and station wagons, averaging about 3,600 pounds
unloaded, were found to have a death rate of 3.3 for each billion miles
traveled; they were second only to minivans, which had a rate of 2.76.

Ranked third safest after the large-car category were the largest, tanklike
sport utility vehicles, which weigh in at an average of 5,100 pounds
unloaded; their death rate was 3.79 for every billion miles. Midsize cars,
averaging just over 3,000 pounds unloaded, had a 5.26 fatality rate;
midsize S.U.V.'s, by far the most popular type, with an average weight over
4,000 pounds, had a death rate of 6.73 in the study.

Even within categories, there was considerable variation in performance
from model to model. Detailed results for federal front- and side-impact
tests and rollover tests can be found online at www.safercar.gov.

Complicating the safety question is what happens to people in the other
vehicle in a collision. Because of the higher ground clearance of sport
utilities and large pickup trucks, their bumpers often skip over the crash
structures of passenger cars, raising the likelihood that an occupant of
the car will be killed or seriously injured.

Automakers have agreed to work together on structural changes, and the
traffic safety agency has proposed new rules that would require automakers
to install side air bags as a way to mitigate the problem.

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