Handbook of Urban Health
Populations, Methods, and Practice
10.1007/0-387-25822-1_3
Sandro Galea and David Vlahov

3. Health of Economically Deprived Populations in Cities
Patricia O’Campo3 and Michael Yonas4, 5

(3)  Center for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael’s Hospital,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
(4)  Department of Population and Family Health Studies, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
(5)  Kellogg Community Health Scholars Fellowship, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

6.0. Conclusion
This chapter about the economically deprived in urban areas has primarily
focused upon the U.S. However, many trends and processes described here are
relevant for other industrialized countries. The U.S. has experienced
little significant gain in the alleviation of poverty and economic hardship
over the last several decades among those in the lower half of the income
spectrum. Demographic and individual-level explanations are not major
contributors to these trends. Rather, current U.S. policies and practices
have resulted in falling wages and increasing economic hardship among a
growing proportion of the U.S. population. The health of the economically
deprived is far worse in several areas compared to those who are better
off. Solutions to the economic deprivation that leads to poorer health are
attainable for the wealthiest country in the world. Policy reversals, in
such areas as welfare reform for the poor and corporate welfare and tax
cuts for the rich that reduce overall funds for social spending, would be a
good beginning. Multiple coordinated efforts will be required to
significantly alter the well-being of the economically deprived.

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