Dennis,
We met a few years ago when you presented to City of Calgary Soc Wkrs, and I
managed to worm my way in.  Much to my delight, the Calgary Health Region has
included a reference to the social determinants of health and I think,
inequities, in their annual report, and has included,(although I am lacking on
details), social determinants in it's 10 yr business plan.
Not immediately related, and I don't choose to have this widely publicized, I
have lost the time I had allocated to work around poverty issues.  I am still
continuing to do work around domestic violence as a health issue, and we a few
years ago we brought in to Emerg Depts city- wide routine screening for domestic
violence.  We don't regularly screen ED patients for poverty though.  A group in
Calgary of which I am a member has successfully argued though for reduced cost
transit passes for low income Calgarians, that is certainly some success.
                                        Happy Chanukah, or Seasonal Salutations,
                                                            Debra Carnat


Dennis Raphael wrote:

> Social Science & Medicine
> Volume 62, Issue 3 , February 2006, Pages 779-791
>
> Further examination of the cross-country association between income
> inequality and population health
> Rati Ram,
> Economics Department, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4200, USA
>
> Abstract
> Several scholars have put forward the view that the estimates by Rodgers
> [(1979). Income and inequality as determinants of mortality: An
> international cross-section analysis. Population Studies, 33 (2), 343–351],
> Flegg [(1982). Inequality of income, illiteracy and medical care as
> determinants of infant mortality in underdeveloped countries. Population
> Studies, 36 (3), 441–458] and Waldmann [(1992). Income distribution and
> infant mortality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (4), 1283–1302]
> showing a negative cross-country association between income inequality and
> population health, cannot be replicated from recent data. In view of the
> importance of this matter, the present study further examines the issue
> from the most recent, and probably more accurate, data for the largest
> cross-country sample used in this line of research. The main conclusion is
> that the negative cross-country association between income inequality and
> good health, reported by Rodgers, Flegg, and Waldmann, is replicated very
> well. The different findings indicated by some scholars may have been due
> to their samples or the models being unusual. Therefore, the recent
> skepticism about the existence of such a negative association needs to be
> reconsidered. Several additional points are also noted. First, income
> inequality shows significance even after an index of ethnic heterogeneity
> is included. Second, ethnic heterogeneity itself has a negative association
> with population health. Third, income inequality retains significance in
> the presence of a measure of social capital. Fourth, however, the
> association between the measure of social capital and population health
> appears weak. Fifth, a simple analysis does not support the view that the
> positive association between income inequality and infant mortality in less
> developed countries (LDCs) may just be a reflection of the role of poverty.
> Finally, there is some support for the proposition that while income may be
> relatively more important for health in LDCs, the role of income inequality
> may be str
> onger in developed economies.
>
> Keywords: Income inequality; Population health; Cross-country data; Poverty
>
> Tel.: +1 309 438 7101; fax: +1 309 438 5228.

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