"The great advances in public health in the US in the early part of the twentieth century were not the result of programs, or educating people about changing their behavior. It was about major social change based on struggle: abolishing child labor, the eight hour workday, the sanitation movement, and the introduction of housing and factory codes."
- Yes and no. I agree with the need for social change. However, these ideals would not have been materialized without programs and agencies that re-enforced, regulation, and educated people about the need for social change, such as the sanitation movement, and about putting children in school instead working in the field. All elements need to be in place to form a system and structure to benefit every member of the society. And that system and structure needs constant evaluation and review.
>>> Richard Hofrichter <[log in to unmask]> 06/13/08 9:50 AM >>>
SES is a static, descriptive category. Improving SES (education,
employment, income) as a way to eliminate health inequity doesn't do
anything about the social processes and imbalances of political power
that created inequities in the first place. Embedded in this way of
thinking not only avoids acting on root causes, it ignores even
recognizing those causes: that populations experiencing health inequity
had bad luck, random events intervened, etc. Endless efforts at
remediation will fail because the interests at work generating inequity
will continue to do so. Emphasizing behavioral change and fixing
individuals to function better in society is a distraction. Efforts to
cheapen labor around the world, dump waste in communities of color,
gentrify communities through redlining by banks, moving jobs overseas,
etc. is not about behavior. The question is: why is there inequality?
Because the task is daunting doesn't mean that there is no place to
begin in producing social change. This defeatist attitude that we are
stuck in a perpetual present of existing power arrangements ignores
contingency and agency as well as history. The great advances in public
health in the US in the early part of the twentieth century were not the
result of programs, or educating people about changing their behavior.
It was about major social change based on struggle: abolishing child
labor, the eight hour workday, the sanitation movement, and the
introduction of housing and factory codes. Even small steps in
transforming institutions is a valuable advance. Without discussing ways
to link health equity to larger social movements for change and to name
the interests involved and how influence works, there will be very
little progress.
Richard Hofrichter, PhD
Senior Analyst, Health Equity
National Association of County & City Health Officials
1100 17th St. NW
Washington, DC 20036
Tel: 202-507-4229
Fax: 202-783-1583
email: [log in to unmask]
________________________________
From: Social Determinants of Health [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of
Goldberg, Daniel
Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 12:17 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: Myths about health inequities...
Really?
I think there's really good reason to believe that higher levels of
education are correlated with better SES.
But what's more, when we're talking about the SDOH, we're not just
talking about absolute poverty, as Marmot has definitively demonstrated.
Even if better education is not a strong determinant of higher SES --
which I believe it is -- there is evidence that education level is
correlated with the SES gradient in health late in life.
And poverty is not the only social determinant of health. As important
as it obviously is, I tend to think the goal of SDOH advocates is not
per se to reduce poverty, but to improve health and reduce human
suffering.
As I mentioned, we know that health literacy is an overwhelming
determinant of the pathways of chronic disease in particular. Unless we
think that education is insignificant in health literacy, it's hard for
me to understand how education policy isn't a prime node for improving
health literacy, and thereby both improving health and ameliorating
health inequities.
Look, I agree that improving investment in education is alone going to
"cure" the U.S. health care problem. But inasmuch as education is a
means, albeit indirect, of distributing resources in a more, if not
ideally equitable manner, I contend that it's a crucial nexus for SDOH
advocates in the U.S. Income inequality leads to educational
inequality, which leads to health inequality. It certainly would be
preferable to focus on the root cause of the problem -- income
inequality, but actual policy change requires understanding that what
ought to be done is not always what can be done, and that what can be
done is, while not dispositive, certainly important.
More radical income redistribution in the U.S. is certainly an idea I
support; but as a policy matter, it is VERY far away. For god's sake;
we can't even agree in this country that having over 100 million
uninsured or underinsured is morally unconscionable. How are we going
to find the political will to radically redistribute wealth?
Education is an indirect means of compressing the SES gradient, and of
improving health literacy, and these two factors alone justify the
belief (again, supported in the literature, as far as I'm aware) that
increasing investment in education will improve population health.
________________________________
From: Social Determinants of Health [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of
Dennis Raphael
Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 11:00 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [SDOH] Myths about health inequities...
I dont see it. Educate everybody and tell me how that reduces poverty?
dr
Of related interest:
Poverty and Policy in Canada: Implications for Health and Quality of
Life by Dennis Raphael
Foreword by Jack Layton
http://tinyurl.com/2hg2df
Staying Alive: Critical Perspectives on Health, Illness, and Health
Care, edited by Dennis Raphael, Toba Bryant, and Marcia Rioux
Foreword by Gary Teeple
http://tinyurl.com/2zqrox
Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives, edited by Dennis
Raphael
Foreword by Roy Romanow
http://tinyurl.com/yptzae
See a lecture! The Politics of Population Health
http://msl.stream.yorku.ca/mediasite/viewer/?peid=ac604170-9ccc-4268-a1a
f-9a9e04b28e1d
Also, presentation on Politics and Health at the Centre for Health
Disparities in Cleveland Ohio
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4129139685624192201&hl=en
Dennis Raphael, PhD
Professor, School of Health Policy and Management
York University
4700 Keele Street
Toronto ON M3J 1P3
416-736-2100, ext. 22134
email: [log in to unmask]
http://www.atkinson.yorku.ca/draphael -------------------
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