----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- Having brought up Ibn Khaldun, I realize that some might be curious to check out his very impressive work. Probably the best source in the English language is Charles Issawi, translator and arranger, _An Arab Philosophy of History: Selections from the "Prolegomena" of Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332-1406)_, 1987, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Barkley Rosser ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]