----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- Mary, This is an inadequate response, but perhaps it will help point you in the right direction. I do not know where it first appeared in print, but a certain oral history with which I am familiar claims that the prisoner's dilemma was first discovered/invented by Albert W. Tucker, who was a professor of math at Princeton and the Tucker of the Kuhn- Tucker theorem in nonlinear programming, among other things. Reportedly he did this during the early 1950s while visiting at the Rand Corporation and the original context of the idea was international arms races and treaty negotiations. I do not have my hands on it, but a possible source for further investigation of this might be the book edited by Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker, _Contributions to the Theory of Games_, vol. II, Annals of Mathematical Studies, 28, Princeton University Press, 1953. Barkley Rosser James Madison University ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]