Dear Hal-- Actually, I've been thinking about your grief question ever since you first raised it. I learned from and greatly enjoyed Wes Britton's response to your repeated query, though it's not the kind of response you solicited. I'm guessing: I think perhaps one reason you drew few initial responses is that many of us in the Forum are much more engaged with Twain than with Twain scholarship. That's what Wes gave you--his own considered views, not what he recalled of other people's articles or books. Similarly, here are my thoughts: --I think grief is often inextricable from Twain's personal experience and conviction that the "yaller dog" conscience never stops plaguing us, no matter what we do. Thus, his blend of guilt and grief over his supposed responsibility for his baby son's death. Similarly, Jim's guilt, long after the fact, for hitting his deaf daughter. --The Victorians often made SUCH a public display of grief and mourning that phony or inflated grief inevitably became his satiric target. In Huckleberry Finn he gives us real grief in several forms: "I cried a little when I was covering up Buck's face, for he was mighty good to me," says Huck. Again, Jim's lament over his daughter. The melodramatic yet genuine reactions of Boggs' daughter . . . But he also gives us Emmeline's poetry and painting ("Every time a man died, or a woman died, or a child died, she would be on hand with her 'tribute' before he was cold.") And he gives us the King blubbering over his supposed dead brother. The King and Duke trade heavily in faked sentiment, grief, tears; and pretended grief is all that Emmeline lived for. --And then there's Buck Fanshaw's funeral in Roughing It, with its almost Dickensian blend of the comic and the deeply sincere. Throughout Twain, there's a great deal of humor--often very dark humor--about death and corpses (including dark jokes on his own death). That awful story about the limburger cheese in the coffin. --One place to see Twain at his most complex might be his writings about General Grant's death. He came to care deeply for Grant. At the same time, the businessman in him was bent on exploiting that drawn-out dying--for the sake of the Grant family as well as for his own sake--for every penny he could milk. -- It might be worthwhile to search "grief," "grieving," "funeral," and every kindred word you can think of in all available on-line Twain texts. Surely there are mentions of grief and funerals all over his work, such the outrage in the various Mysterious Stranger texts. Best wishes, Mark Coburn