----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- I believe that 1943 was when Ratcliffe began its official association with Harvard. That may also be the year that Harvard began to co-sign the Ratcliffe diplomas. Ratcliffe of course is now reduced to a (well-endowed) research institute. Fred Carstensen University of Connecticut ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]