----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- [NOTE: This DISC thread was preceded by several messages on the subject "Re: QUERY -- reswitching." - RBE] Barkley Could you explain how Reder conflates ambiguity with anti-Semitism. He did not document actual anti-Semitic remarks but neither did he document the positive acts in defence of jews that he did for Schumpeter and Keynes. I did not read Reder as claiming that Hayek was an anti-Semite but that he shared many of the stereotypes of the period. Reder's main problem is that he uses the values of today to judge people in a different period. Against the background of the times, none of his subjects appear to be unusually anti-Semitic. Rod Hay ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]