I am afraid there has been a misunderstanding about one word. I was just talking about the use of one word, "perturbate." I was not talking about the word perturb, or perturbed, or perturbating, or perturbs, or perturben, or perturber, or even the latin perturbare (per [intensive] + turbare [to throw in disorder]). I wasn't talking about second cousins of the word either. Nor am I interested in the Chinese equivalent of any form of the word. I am simply interested in the word "perturbate" as being attributable to Twain for its first use in print or not. That's all. Those who lack a capacity of concern in this matter need not reply. Thanks, Bob