Sure Mark Twain was rough on the red man--and on the white man, and on Everyman. Note what he has to say in general about the "damned human race" all through his career. He was dissappointed in the race; if he was a "racist" at all it was racism applied to the whole race, not just one color. Twain's aspiration that man be better than he was and his dissappointment that he was not (is not) reflect Twain's idealism and his awareness of how far we all have fallen short of the glory that some wish for. Twain might have been a fallen Presbyterian, but he never forgot the thought that we are not all that we could be. So, was he a racist, or a realist? Doug Bridges