----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- I have pursued the same question (about "industry," what is one?) in trying to understand the intellectual history of "the division of labor." And despite continual easy references everywhere in the literature (to "industry"), in the past and now, I have not found any focused, thoughtful discussion of the question or reasons for a resolution of it in one way or another. E.g., there is no entry on "industry" in The New Palgrave. (But see "industrial organization.") So far as I can tell, Leontiev got his early input-output training in Russia from Stanislav Strumilin (originally an electrical engineer, later a master of Gosplans). The great, discredited, but still irresistible influence there and then was still Tugan-Baranovskii, but behind him loomed the greatest influence of all then in these questions, Karl Bucher (Buecher), whose idea of historically successive reorganizations of the division of labor served Lenin, Weber, and many others, then and later. For contemporaneous English notions of "industry" (connecting with notions of "the division of labor"), see the original Palgrave, Dictionary of Political Economy. Farther back is Saint-Simon, farther still are the Physiocrats and their tableaux. I will follow responses to this query with much interest. J. Womack ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]