----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- I think I am more in agreement with Ahiakpor than I may seem to him to be. I do not want to make a "humanist" or "anti-math" argument. I do not think the problem is only English; it may arise from knowing only one language whatever it is. I do not imagine that the learned Keynes made his mistakes on interest because of a (foreign) language problem. But I suspect that Boehm-Bawerk and before him Menger may have misconceived classical ideas of capital because they translated English literally (in their minds) into German; this suspicion would also apply to economists who, able to read only English, think B-B and CM (in English translation) mean capital in an "English" sense. For a fully developed argument on a similar question, see Richard Biernacki, The Fabrication of Labor: Germany and Britain, 1640-1914 (Berkeley, 1995). I agree one must take care in reading work in one's own language. I maintain, however, that knowing other languages can help one understand the peculiarities and unique meanings in one's own language. For a functioning modern economist say 30 years old or more, unconcerned with history, and unlikely ever to be so concerned, I can see no professional need for anything but English and math. Good for Economics departments for saving their graduates the expense of learning a (for them) useless skill. Nevertheless, the more of any other language any economist knows, the more capable he or she will be of detecting otherwise hidden or latent distinctions between concepts similarly expressed in both languages, and so analyzing them, which is a considerable advantage in doing history, especially of ideas. Whatever Economics does, I believe History departments ought to require more languages for graduate students than they do, plus calculus, in which I believe someone (not I, who have now forgotten mine) could even express the previous sentence. John Womack ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]