I have not read Kaplan's book--yet. I agree with Hal that we should not become fixated on duality. Yet, I do believe we need to keep this approach to Twain open as a useful means for understanding the man--if not his work. This idea of a dual nature did not arise with Freud, or Nietzche, for that matter, with his Apollonian and Dionysian separation of human personality. I suppose Plato and Aristotle had something to do with this notion of duality, two realms of existence and such. Perhaps the perspective pre-dates the Greeks. Personally, I find understanding what I see as Twain's divided self to still be a fascinating project. No need to abandon a model that has yet to be fully developed and provides, I think, one of the more fruitful paths into the mind--and spirit--of Mark Twain. Twain is surely a singular fellow but not necessarily a singular personality. Jason