----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- Ken Gordon, Emphasizes that " the theory of value - surely is ... than the core of our subject. Or at least appears to have been for its first three hundred years or so." And, I would fully agree. And, as a critic I take seriously the notion that as Stigler said, the best criticism is to provide a better theory. The definition in physics of forces such as gravity seem to me to be similar to the definition of utility in economics. But, the Newtonian system works rather well. While the principle of maximization in economics -- what ever it is that is being maximized -- generates some persistent anomalies-- such as the Giffen paradox. And, the Giffen effect is not eliminated by a resort to a compensated demand function. When I propose that the principle of maximization can be replaced, I am not at all proposing to abandon value theory-- quite the contrary. Bill Williams ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]