----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- Isaac Alan, in a comment on Veblen states, "As Veblen pointed out, this teleological bent puts social science at odds with natural science, where the effort to eradicate teleological explanation as anything other than heuristic has been part and parcel of explanatory success." However, the situation has recently been changing in biology. Consider, Mayr, Ernst. 1982 _The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance_ Harvard University Press Cambridge Massachusetts " To be for or against teleology remained a battle cry throughout the nineteenth century and right up to modern times. Only within the last twenty-five years or so has the solution become evident. It is now clear that seemingly goal-directed processes exist in nature and are not in any way in conflict with a strictly physico-chemical explanation. p. 48. So, it is becoming OK, in biology to openly resort to teleological explanations. Jack Monod's work concerning regulatory networks in molecular biology has become the basis of what amounts to a teleological or control theory biological engineering. Veblen, in the conclusion of lectures at Harvard 1899-1900 a large portion of which examined changing conceptions of an economic agent, argued in a fashion that anticipates Mayr's statement, saying that, "Foot-pounds, calories, geometrically progressive procreation, and doses of capital, have not been supplanted by the equally uncouth denominations of habits, propensities, aptitudes, and conventions, nor does there seem to be any probability that they will be; but the discussion which continues to run in terms of the former class of concepts is in an increasing degree seeking support in concepts of the latter class." (p. 179.) Veblen (19OO) "The Preconceptions of Economic Science" Reprinted in _The Place of Science Later Veblen (1914) in his _The Instinct of Workmanship_ argues that, "... all instinctive action is teleological." p. 31. "... all instinctive action is intelligent and teleological." p. 32. When Veblen is interpreted in control theory (teleological) terms, this provides a solution to the problem absence of a systematic methodology to implement Veblen's program. Control theory provides a technique capable of handling the same class of problems-- of the sort treated in the price theory course-- but more robustly (that is inclusive of anomalies such as the Giffen paradox), than orthodoxy's principle of maximization. Bill Williams ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]