Mohammad, in your post you mention production several times. But production of what? How about wealth? This is a term which remains undefined or poorly defined by neo-classical and Keynesian economists. Adam Smith was certainly on the right track when he referred repeatedly to "the annual produce of the land and labor of a society, the real wealth of its inhabitants." He also fell into confusion when including land and personal qualities such as skill in the term, wealth. Incidentally, the concept, GDP is somewhat of a misnomer since it represents the money flow into both goods and services. Strictly speaking, services are not produced but provided or rendered. Anyway, I don't believe services as well as money and financial assets can be considered as part of the wealth of nations or individuals. Roy Davidson