Some more References, which take the general classical liberal/libertarian view of the positive relationship between commerce, liberty and peace: TRADE, FREE TRADE AND WAR Abel, Deryck (May 1941), "Economic Causes of the Second World War", International Conciliation, No. 370 Angell, Sir Norman (1935), "Pacifism is Not Enough", Rappard, William et al, Pacifism Is Not Enough: Lectures Delivered at the Geneva Institute of International Relations, Geneva, 1934, Geneva Institute of International Relations/George Allen & Unwin, London, 1935 Baudin, Louis, Free Trade and Peace, International Studies Conference, International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, League of Nations, Paris, 1939 Bosanquet, Helen, Free Trade and Peace in the Nineteenth Century, H. Aschehoug, West Nygaard, Norway/The Nobel Institute, nd Cassel, Gustav, From Protectionism Through Planned Economy to Dictatorship, Richard Cobden Lecture for 1934, Cobden-Sanderson, London, 1932; reprinted in Mackenzie, Findley, ed., Planned Society: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, ..., New York, 1937, pp. 775-98 Cromwell, James H. R. & Czerwonky, Hugo E., (1937), "The Monetary Aspects of World Peace", Idem, In Defense of Capitalism, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York Jones, J. H., The Economics of War and Conquest: An Examination of Mr. Norman Angell's Economic Doctrines, P. S. King, London, 1915 Barone, Stephen G. (July 1994), "Peace, Political Science and Pedagogy", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 44(7), pp. 379-380 Bonn, Moritz J. (1932), "Migration", Porritt, Arthur, ed., The Causes of War: Economic, Industrial, Racial, Religious, Scientific and Political, Macmillan, London, pp. 212-224 Wealth, Welfare or War: The Changing Role of Economics in National Policy, Interna-tional Studies Conference, International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, League of Nations, Paris, 1938? Cromer, Rt. Hon. Earl of, (September 1910), "Free Trade In its Relation to Peace and War", The Nineteenth Century (London) Greaves, Bettina Bien (April 1994), "Why War?", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 44(4), pp. 159-163 Heilperin, Michael A. (1952), "An Economist's Views on International Organisation", in Bryson, Lyman et al., eds., Foundations of World Organisation: A Political and Cultural Appraisal, 11th Symposium [of the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, 1950]/Harper & Brothers, New York, pp. 53-59 Higgs, Robert (December 1994), "Peace on Earth", The Free Market (Ludwig Von Mises Institute), 12(12), pp. 5-7 Husbands Jr., Sam H. (April 1983), "Free Trade and Foreign Wars", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 33(4), pp. 195-204 Mises, Ludwig von (1938), "The Disintegration of the International Division of Labour", in Professors of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, The World Crisis, Graduate Institute of International Studies, London Opitz, Edmund A., ed., Leviathan at War, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington on Hudson, New York, 1995 Rand, Ayn (19??), "The Roots of War", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education); reprinted in Idem, et al, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, New American Library, New York, 1966; 2nd. edn., 1967; also reprinted in Opitz, Edmund A., ed., Leviathan at War, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington on Hudson, New York, 1995 Rappard, William Emanuel (1937), "Economic Nationalism", in Anon, ed., Authority and the Individual, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 74-112 Robbins, Lionel, Economic Planning and International Order, Macmillan, London, 1937 The Economic Causes of War, Cape, London, 1939 Money, Trade and International Relations, Macmillan, London, 1971 Siegfried, Andre (1932), "Tariffs", Porritt, Arthur, ed., The Causes of War: Economic, Industrial, Racial, Religious, Scientific and Political, Macmillan, London, pp. 203-211 Silberner, Edmund, The Problem of War in Nineteenth Century Economic Thought, Prin-ceton University Press, New Jersey, 1957/Garland Library of War & Peace, Garland Publishing, New York, 1972 Taylor, Joan Kennedy, ed., Free Trade: The Necessary Foundation for World Peace, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington on Hudson, New York, 1986 Viner, Jacob (March 1944), "International Relations Between State- Controlled National Economies", American Economic Review, Supplement, XXXIV(1), Part 2, pp. 315-329; reprinted in Gayer, Arthur D. et al, eds., Basic Economics: A Book of Readings, Prentice- Hall, New York, 1951, pp. 543-553 (1944), "The Economic Problem", Huszar, George B., ed., New Perspectives on Peace, Chicago University Press, pp. 85-114 ON SOCIALISM AND WAR McClymay, John F., War and Welfare: Social Engineering in America, 1890-1925, Contri-butions in American History No, 84, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 1980 Rummel, R. J., (July 1988), "The Freedom Factor", Reason (Los Angeles) (Los Angeles), 15(3), pp. 32-36 Sennholz, Hans F. (April 1981), "Welfare States at War", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 31(4), pp. 217-222 Viner, Jacob (March 1944), "International Relations Between State- Controlled Economies", American Economic Review, Supplement, XXXIV(1, Part 2), pp. 315-329; reprinted in American Economic Association, Readings in the Theory of International Trade, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1950, pp. 437-456; also reprinted in Gayer, Arthur D. et al, eds., Basic Econo-mics: A Book of Readings, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1951, pp. 543-584 WAR VS LIBERTY Denson, John V., ed., The Costs of War: America's Pyrrhic Victories, Transaction Publish-ers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1997; 2nd edn, 1999 Hirst, Francis W., The Political Economy of War, J. M. Dent, London/E. P. Dutton, New York, MCMXV Nef, John U., War and Human Progress, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1950/W. W. Norton, New York, 1963; 2nd edn as Western Civilization Since the Renais-sance: Peace, War, Industry and the Arts, The Academy Library, Harper Torchbooks, Harper & Row, New York, 1963 Novicow, Jacques, Les Luttes Contra Societes Humaines, F. Alcan, Paris, 1893 La Politique Internationale, .., Paris, 1896 War and Its Alleged Benefits, William Heinemann, London, 1912 Novicow was a French classical liberal and disciple of Herbert Spencer. Riddle, Wesley Allen (February 1996), "War and Liberty in American History", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 46(2), pp. 102-108 Spencer, Herbert, ... various works (which I don't have to hand at the moment) Tillett, Alfred W., Militancy vs Civilization: An Introduction to, and Epitome of, the Teach-ing of Herbert Spencer Concerning Permanent Peace as the First Condition of Progress, P. S. King, London, 1915? THE WORKS OF SIR NORMAN ANGELL ... often misrepresented, and a trifle repetitive, should definitely also be consulted Angell, Sir Norman (1912), "Introduction" to J. Novikow, War and Its Alleged Benefits, William Heinemann, London, (1913), "War as the Failure of Reason", Robertson, J. M. et al, Essays Towards Peace, Rationalist Peace Society/Watts, London, pp. 67-74 (January 1931), "The New Imperialism and the Old Nationalism", International Affairs, X(1) (1935), "Causes of War", Stenning, H. J., ed., The Causes of War, George Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 23-33 (1937), "The International Anarchy", Woolf, Leonard, ed., The Intelligent Man's Way to Prevent War, Victor Gollancz, London, pp. 19-66 (1937), "Education and Psychological Factors", Ibid., pp. 456-498 (1938), "Foreword", "Two English Investigators", Education in Nazi Germany, Kulturk-ampf Association, London, (1939), "Introduction" to "Vigilantes" [Zilliacus, K.], Between Two Wars? The Lessons of the Last World War in Relation to the Preparations for the Next, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 19?? (1940), "Foreword", Mackay, R. W. G., Federal Europe, Being the Case for European Federation Together With a Draft Constitution of a United States of Europe , Michael Joseph, London, pp. 15-21/& as Peace Aims and the New Order, Being a Revised & Popular Edition of 'Federal Europe' Outlining the Case for European Federation Together With a Draft Constitution of a United States of Europe, Michael Joseph, London, 1941, pp. 15-21 (1947), "Leftism in the Atomic Age", Brown, Ivor, ed., Current British Thought, No. 1, Nicholas Keye, London, pp. 238-242 Patriotism and Three Flags: A Plea for Rationalism in Politics, ... London, 1903 Europe's Optical Illusion, ... London, 1908 The Great Illusion: The Relation of Military Power to National Advantage, William Heinemann, London, 1909/Putnam, New York, 1911 America and the New World State, .., New York, 1912 Peace Theories and the Balkan War, Horace Marshall, London, 1912 War and the Workers, .. London, 1913 Modern Wars and the Peace Ideal, Brother Richard's Bookshelf No. 3, National Labour Press, Manchester, 1913 War and the Essential Realities, Conway Memorial Lecture, Watts, London, 1913 Shall This War End German Militarism?, Pamphlet 2, The Union of Democratic Control, London, 1914 The Foundations of International Polity, William Heinemann, London, 1914 Prussianism and Its Destruction, William Heinemann, London, 1914 Problems of the War and the Peace: A Handbook for Students, ... London, 1915 The Prussian In Our Midst, Pamphlet 13, The Union of Democratic Control, London, 1915 The World's Highway, ... New York, 1916 The Dangers's of Half Preparedness, .. New York, 1916 War Aims: The Need for a Parliament of the Allies, .. London, 1917 The Political Conditions of Allied Success: A Protective Union of the Democracies, ... New York, 1918 The Treaties and the Economic Chaos, ... London, 1919 The British Revolution and the American Democracy: An Interpretation of British Labour Programmes, B. W. Huebsch, New York, 1919 The Fruits of Victory, Century, New York, London, 1921 The Press and the Organization of Society, .. London, 1922 Of Britain Is to Live, Nisbet, London, 1923 Foreign Policy and Human Nature, ..., London, 1925 Human Nature and the Peace Problem, William Collins, London, 1925 Must Britain Travel the Moscow Road?, .., London, 1926 The Public Mind: Its Disorders, Its Exploitation, Williams & Norgate, London, 1927/E. P. Dutton, New York, 1927 The Money Game, and How to Play It, A New Instrument of Economic Education, J. M. Dent, London, 1912, 1928 The Story of Money, ..., London, 1929 (with Wright, Harold), Can Governments Cure Unemployment?, ..., London, 1931 >From Chaos to Control, Century, New York, 1932 The Unseen Assassins, Hamish Hamilton, London/Harper, New York, 1932 The Great Illusion - 1933, .., London, 1933 The Menace to Our National Defence, .., London, 1934 Raw Materials, Population Pressure and War, World Peace Foundation, Boston, 1936 This Have and Have Not Business: Political Fantasy and Economic Fact, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1936 Let the People Know, Viking Press, New York, 1943 After All, Farrar, Straus & Young, New York, 1951 et al, What Kind of Peace?, National Peace Council, London, 1940 & Buxton, Dorothy Frances, You and the Refugee: The Morals and the Economics of the Problem, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London, 1939 The Work of Norman Angell by His Contemporaries: A Random Collection of Reviews, Criticisms, Comments, Discussions, Letters From Readers, Caricatures, Sketches, Issued Privately for Personal Friends; and Some Students, The Author, nd et al, The Next Five Years: An Essay in Political Advocacy, Macmillan, London, pp. 151- 176. A typical manifestation of the neo-liberal embrace of "planning" (see especially "Economic Planning", pp. 11-22 and "Towards a Plan for Britain", pp. 23-39) in the alleged service of liberty and democracy. This quasi-manifesto was endorsed by, amongst others, Norman Angell, Mrs. H. A. L. Fisher, Richard Acland, Raymond Unwin, H. G. Wells, J. A. Hobson, Gilbert Murray, Lionel Curtis, A. L. Hobhouse, C. S. Orwin, Henry Nevinson, Harold Macmillan, R. C. Trevelyan, and Viscountess Rhonda. The Norman Angel Colection is at Bracken Library, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Bisceglia, Luuis, Norman Angell and Liberal Internationalism in Britain, 1931-1935, Garland Publishinh, New York, 1982 Coulton, G. C., The Main Illusions of Pacifism: A Criticism of Mr. Norman Angell and the Union of Democratic Control, Bowes & Owens, Cambridge, 1916 Hines, Paul D., Norman Angell: Peace Movement, 1911-1018, D.Ed Dissertation, Bell State, 1964 Jones, J. H., The Economics of War and Conquest: An Examination of Mr. Norman Angell's Economic Doctrines, P. S. King, London, 1915 Lawson, W. R. (1912), "Mr. Norman Angel's Great Illusion Disillusioned", Idem, Modern War and Modern Taxation: A Manual of Military Finance, William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh, pp. 426-441 Marrin, Albert, Sir Norman Angell, Twayne/G. K. Hall, Boston, 1979 Miller, J. D. B. (1995), "Norman Angell and Rationality in International Relations", Long, David & Wilson, Peter, eds., Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis: Iter-War Idealism and Realities, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 100-121 Norman Angell and the Futility of War: Peace and the Public Mind, Macmillan, London, 1986 Rockow, Lewis (1925), "Internationalism: Norman Angell, Idem, Contemporary Political Thought in England, Macmillan, New York, pp. 230--247 Weinroth, Howard (1974), "Norman Angell and 'the Great Illusion': An Episode in Pre-1914 Pacifism", The Historical Journal, XVII(3), pp. 551-574 Chris R. Tame