Richard Lipsey's definition of technology is quite acceptable. And I think I will read the book to which he refers. However, I will quibble with the last line, with the term "long run growth". Surely he means "very long run growth". I am insisting on Marshall's distinction. "Standard economics" deals with the "market period", the "short run" and the 'long run", defined as states in which technology and institutions are "fixed". Once these change, we are into economic history, not economics. Robin Neill