Samuel Bostaph wrote: >John Medaille wrote: > >I was answering your question of how D of L was connected with > >hierarchy. The "pin-factory" is the commonly accepted meaning, > >and it leads to a multiplication of a pointless, expensive, and > >inefficient management structure. > > >It is difficult to take issue with an observation that some people are >just bad cooks. I am having difficulty connecting your comment with mine. The issue is not whether the cooks are good or bad, but how much "management overhead" they require. It is clear that the more specialization, the more the management function grows in cost, power, and importance. Even good pin-makers (or good cooks), if they are confined to one of the 18 operations, will need a strong management structure; if each can perform the whole process, they will need less or nil. Specialization along the "pin-factory" model deskills and disempowers workers, with the result that putative skill and actual power passes to a new group. John C. Medaille