The response to Professor Gunning's query is no. That is heterodox economics involves a secular explanation of economic activity. Religious economics would, in part, utilize religious explanations to explain economic activity. There seems to be a great deal of confusion on this list serve as to what heterodox economics is. I have written a short paper on the topic which I have attached. You may find it useful for future discussions. [You cannot send attachments to the HES list. Send the paper directly to Prof. Gunning. HB] Fred Lee