CHARLES Loic wrote: "Actually, it was Quesnay not Turgot who was nicknamed the "European Confucius" (not the "French Confucius") by his own disciples the physiocrats." My source is Jupp's Introduction to *Turgot, Anne-Robert, The Formation and Distribution of Wealth*. Jupp, Kenneth, transl and ed., 1999. London: Othila Press, p. xiii. D'accord about the "European Confucius" part, and thank you for the emendation; but he does say Turgot. Of course, he might have erred, as might we all, and I would welcome learning of other authorities. Mason Gaffney