Thanks to Jim Zwick for his references to to Romeu and Barthele. Although this is not an issue that I typically focus on, the original query triggered my memory of discussions with international students about the translation problem. Jim's suggestions will prove useful. Anybody thinking about translation might want to look at Twain's own translation of the "Jumping Frog" story into French and his re-translation of it back into English. The results are hilarious and instructive. Larry Howe