Thanks to Gunning for his try at my question. And my apologies for its lack of clarity; I should have left the words in parentheses out--a different issue. In the simplest sense all I want to ask is if "economic interaction" in your definition (or Mises's) is only the interaction, exchange, or trade, in markets, or does it include production, the transformation or reworking of something material into something else material? John Womack