Regarding John M.'s recent post. Is it speculative (practical) reasoning or speculative (practical) science? I don't follow your use of terms. In any case, in my view, Mises's epistemology does not fit into any of the categories you mention. Perhaps there is a philosophy into which Mises's praxeology fits. I don't know. But it does not fit into these. You are wrong to say that I offer no substitute understanding. I have indeed made the offer. But I demand, before I spend time on this, that you accept at least provisionally Mises definition of economics. It is you, not I, who is failing to cooperate in this endeavor. Mises claimed that his definition is the one that has been traditionally used in this field. So I don't see the problem on an HES list with this definition. What do you have against the definition of economics as the study of economic interaction? Pat Gunning