The Hayek/Bartley passage on Keynes is, as Alan notes, willful mis-interpretation. I just used Jerry Muller's *The Mind and the Market* as a supplement in my HET course. In an otherwise excellent book, there is a similarly outrageous mis-characterization of Keynes. He says that Keynes was opposed to "deferred gratification" (and offers as evidence part of the passage critiquing the "purposeful man" in the essays ("Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren.") But the purposeful man in the passage, as would be evident from a full quote, defers gratification perpetually, for heaven's sake! Kevin Quinn