Two points for clarification: 1. As many indicated, it goes to far to say that the economics before Keynes was totally dominated by free-market ideology. Toshiaki Hirai emphasizes that Cambridge economists were deeply involved in the argument how to control the economic system, using various policy instruments. American Institutionalists and Brain Trusts are also good examples; these are already mentioned in previous postings. 2. Nevertheless the comment by Krugman shows that he was not totally ignorant of the existence of a different trend in the economic thinking. He said that "heresies would occasionally pop up, but they were always suppressed." Thus the discussion depends on the connotation of the words, "dominate" or "suppress." Yukihiro Ikeda