In a message dated 10/30/2007 8:38:20 A.M. Pacific Daylight Time, [log in to unmask] writes: Perhaps. But psychology might owe much of its success and popularity to the work and Harvard courses of William James, who would see his friend Twain in a much brighter light. --Jason Horn I agree. It is light, after all, that makes shadows. If Sam's life held a lot of guilt and loss, it also carried much joy and happiness. In his chosen career he was ultimately successful beyond his wildest dreams. He adored his family and they him; had many long friendships, some lifetime friendships. He found respectability and riches; was playful and vibrant with mostly good health throughout his life. Even from slavery and his association with blacks came a positive influence--stories and song from Uncle Dan'l, Aunt Hanner, Uncle Ned and the rest on Quarles' farm. What would Sam have been without that influence? Lorch writes that he first heard a version of the Jumping Frog tale at the farm. Sam's life had at least a measure and a half of unrestrained joy--perhaps these bright lights makes his losses and tragedies seem darker by comparison. The focus on the negative can produce a distorted picture of the man. David H Fears