Adam Smith mentions benevolence and selflove in his Lectures on Jurisprudence when he deals with the source of the division of labour. It seems that it is not benevolence as the propensity of human nature that stimulates exchange (thereby the division of labour) but selflove: ?If an animal intends to truck, as it were, or gain any thing from man, it is by it?s fondness and kindness. Man, in the same manner, works on the selflove of his fellows, by setting before them a sufficient temptation to get what he wants; the language of this disposition is, give me what I want, and you shall have what you want. It is not from benevolence, as the dogs, but from selflove that man expects any thing. The brewer and the baker serve us not from benevolence but from selflove. No man but a beggar depends on benevolence, and even they would die in a week were their entire dependance upon it?. Smith. A (1978) Lectures on Jurisprudence, Report dated 1766, R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P. G. Stein (eds.), Oxford University Press: Indiana, p. 493. On the other hand, as far as I see, Smith mentions the same thing in his Lectures one year before under the heading of Police but selflove and benevolence do not appear. Instead, he uses the term self-interest. See, Smith (1978), pp. 351-3. Best wishes, Ceyhun G?rkan