On a slight tangent, Stephen Toulmin takes on the analogy between economics and physics in _Return to Reason_, chapter four, "Economics, or the Physics That Never Was". His point is that even Newtonian physics never actually measured up to its image of rigorous certainty, much less the human sciences that took it as a model (economics being the premier instance): "When social scientists took Newtonian Dynamics as the example of a Serious Science, they hoped to win three prizes at the same time: developing (a) an abstract theory with a rigorously valid axiom system, (b) deductions of the nature of human institutions from its universal principles, and (c) scientific explanations of the character of particular social institutions. Yet this triple prize was never a realistic possibility; it had never been achieved even in planetary astronomy (54)." Paul Turpin