Scott is right on the money from my perspective. It is interesting that Twain, who was agnostic to say the least, often reflected on or spoke of the sinful nature of man, almost in terms of a broken or fallen race, and his moralizing and his great concerns for the evil and dishonesty and crooked nature of man and his institutions are evidence of his agreement with the tenents of Christian belief. I have had my high school students write essays arguing the question "Was Mark Twain a Christian?" several times on my assumption that Twain represented a person whose ethics or morality appears to have been very much Christian, especially his love of those who are downtrodden. Now, obviously he was informed by his Presbyterian upbringing, but he was intelligent enough to have escaped that had he chosen to do so, and so, I think a case can be made for Twain being a practicing Christian, even though he would probably be cursing me from the hereafter for even hinting at the thought. (I realize that I am ignoring the supposed necessity of "professing faith in Christ" in my thesis here about Twain....but just as one can be a hypocrite without admitting it or even knowing it.....then.....and so forth.) And to clarify, I did encourage my students to argue either side of the issue, and I required them to provide evidence from Hucleberry Finn, which was the book we read when that essay topic was used. I hope no one on the list is offended by this line of thought. I base my own thesis regarding Twain on the evidence I see in his behavior rather than on what he said about his lack of faith. He lacked faith, but he did not lack a moral compass. And to deal with one more obvious thought, I also acknowledge that one can be a moral person without being Christian or even religious, and that there are many supposedly religious persons who are not good or moral people, either out of their selfishness, ignorance, or just damn contrariness. I suppose I will be heartily upbraided for my thoughts, but that is okay as long as the correctors enlighten me, educate me, but do not merely assault my thoughts. I am always glad to learn what others know that I have not learned. ________________________________ From: Scott Holmes <[log in to unmask]> To: [log in to unmask] Sent: Wed, June 1, 2011 2:44:32 PM Subject: The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg I have just completed publishing on my web site and YouTube my reading of The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg. http://bsh.bscottholmes.com/Hadleyburg I didn't find it so much a Faustian tale but more an instance of the devil coming to collect his due. The town had sold their souls long before the stranger came and tempted them. I was gratified to read in the introduction and afterward of The Oxford Mark Twain edition corroboration of my own opinion albeit far more knowledgeable than my own.