=================== HES POSTING ====================== Very interesting, Mr. Storchevoy's report about the censorship of economic writers in Russia. It is also interesting to contrast this to what happened in Brazil during the military regime. First of all, marxism was not as disseminated among university courses in economics as it was among social sciences courses. The first had a more 'technical' orientation, students were trained to know how, not necessarily to know why. Repression against marxism was indeed severe in the Brazilian society during the 60s and the 70s, but not so much in the academic ghettos. It seemed as if the militaries felt that the ideas disseminated in this milieu would not be so influential outside the academic world. On the other hand, they were extremely severe with subversive ideas diffused in songs, films and other artistic manifestations. Popular composers like Chico Buarque de Hollanda and Caetano Veloso had, for many years, to submit their songs to the censors before divulging them. (This after being sent to prison, sent to exhile, tortured etc.) This does not mean that we did not have repression in the academic milieu. We had a lot of it, and influential professors like Celso Furtado, Josue de Castro and Fernando Henrique Cardoso (to mention just a few) were dismissed, lost their political rights and were sent to exhile. However, the strange thing in this process was that after they left some of our teachers continued to teach us Marxist ideas, maybe because the militaries felt that the whole process was under control. I dont agree with Storchevoy when he compares the present dissemination of North-american economics in Russia with the former situation that they faced over there. After all, they enjoy intellectual freedom and this makes a huge difference. Ana Maria Bianchi Universidade de Sao Paulo [log in to unmask] ============ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ============ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]