================= HES POSTING ================= Certainly Marshall made much of externalities in his discussions of industrial organization. He used the very term. But the idea? Third party effects. Market failure respecting the expression of opportunity costs. The common pool problem. Certainly Rae was aware of the spill-over effects of imported technology. One would think that these ideas could be found in some form scattered through the literature from the seventeenth century, if not before. Robin Neill ============ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ============ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]