----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- The "Spaceship Earth" metaphor is traditionally attributed to Boulding. However, I once discovered the analogy in a book by a 19th-century economist. I have long been wondering how obscure this early use of the metaphor is. I would appreciate replies by the list members who know of the 19th-century (or maybe earlier?) occurence of the analogy. If no one hits upon the author and the title I have in mind, I will, of course, name them myself. Yuri Tulupenko ------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]