Paul Johnson's Modern Times also gives special emphasys to the  
dirigisme of Herbert Hoover (an almost Saint Simonien "ingenieur  
social") and early technocratism during the twenties. He dismisses  
the so called laissez-faire of this period, pointing to early signs  
of state interventionism, much before the rise of proto-forms of  
keynesianism.
	So, cloks have to be turned back almost ten years, before the  
official start of keynesian policies in middle thirties.

Paulo Roberto de Almeida