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In regard to Yuval Yonay's argument: I would just point out that the new 
work in agent-based modeling, which I see as reluctantly acceptable to the 
mainstream -- for example Peter Howitt's work -- does not have the same 
limitations on prior specification of models that Yonay suggests, but it 
still uses models.  The rules of the game and the choice set of individuals 
evolve over time. The only rules that limit behavior are evolutionary rules 
specified in the replicator dynamics.  
 
David Colander 
 
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