Peter Groenewegen and Klaus Hennings both have written on the switch in  
focus from production to exchange, and the related development from  
"political economy" to "economics." They both have some relevant entries  
in the New Palgrave, I believe. Hennings also has a chapter in  
FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMICS, edited by Mauro Baranzini and Roberto  
Scazzieri, Blackwell, 1986, called "The Exchange Paradigm and the Theory  
of Production and Distribution.  In the same volume, Krishna Bharadwaj  
has a chapter on "Production and Exchange in Theories of Price Formation  
and Economic Transition" that also is relevant to your query.  It is  
also of note that, as Garegnani points out in his New Palgrave entry on  
the "surplus approach to value and distribution," there is a difference  
in the classical and neoclassical treatments of both production and  
exchange.  
  
Mathew Forstater