The question is about an arrangement (maybe a mode) of production in 
which producers use their own means of production to produce, employ 
only their own (and their family's unpaid) labor, own the product, 
and trade their goods, and there are traders who trade only among 
such producers.

This arrangement would not be (simply) a phase or stage between other 
arrangements (or modes) of production, or economic systems.

So far the most interesting economics I have read of such an 
arrangement is in Georgescu-Roegen's articles on "production" and 
"process" between 1960 and 1973. But they are about only such an 
arrangement in agriculture, independent peasant production 
(regardless of artisans or traders).

Are there classical, neoclassical, or Marxist economists who have 
written about such production and exchange in comprehensive, general, 
or abstract terms? Whom would you recommend for theory and insights?

John Womack