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Well, Ross Emmett tells me offlist of a use by Frank Knight in 1924, which 
might explain where Samuelson got it as he attended the U. of Chicago as 
an undergraduate and studied with Knight. [NOTE: see separate message 
from Emmett regarding this quote.--RBE] However, I have just looked at 
the Clapham-Pigou exchange on "empty economic boxes" and the term does 
not appear there.  Nor does it appear in Pigou's _Economics of Welfare_ 
as I originally indicated.  Nor have I seen it in Marshall, although if 
somebody can find it there, more power to them. 
 
Of course the concept was around since at least Adam Smith in its positive 
sense, if not its negative sense. 
 
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