----------------- HES POSTING ----------------- 
> Would it shock anyone if the general idea were to be found in Adam Smith? 
> 
 
On the level of personal services or obligations I suspect the notion is 
old if not ancient. 
 
I seem to recall from history of the American Civil War that one subject to 
draft could pay someone else to serve in his place in the Union army.    
And I also seem to recall there were similar arrangements in history for 
certain punishments. 
 
Scott Cullen 
 
------------ FOOTER TO HES POSTING ------------ 
For information, send the message "info HES" to [log in to unmask]