David,
I my view the following passage on cumulatively change is better than
your first passage which doesn't seem to offer much about Veblen's
thinking on economic matters.
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The economic life history of the individual is a cumulative process
of adaptation of means to ends that cumulatively change as the
process goes on, both the agent and his environment being at any
point the outcome of the last process. His methods of life today are
enforce upon him by his habits of life carried over from yesterday
and by the circumstances left as the mechanical residue of the life
of yesterday.
"Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science?" in The Place of
Modern Science in Modern Civilization, (New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1919)
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Your second passage is one of Veblen's more famous quotations and it
does illustrate elements of Veblen's style and thinking. In my view,
however, the following quotation might be a better passage from the
point of view of illustrating Veblen's evolutionary thinking. I
realize that many people like the "hedonistic conception of man"
quote, so it's probably a toss up which of the two is "better."
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In economic life, as in other lines of human conduct, habitual modes
of activity and relations have grown up and have by convention
settled into a fabric of institutions. These institutions ... have a
prescriptive, habitual force of their own .... If the contrary were
true, if men universally acted not on the conventional grounds and
values afforded by the fabric of institutions, but solely and
directly on the grounds and values afforded by the unconventionalised
propensities and aptitudes of hereditary human nature, then there
would be no institutions and no culture. But the institutional
structure of society subsists and men live within its lines, with
more or less questioning, it is true, but with more acquiescence than dissent.
"Fisher's Rate of Interest," Political Science Quarterly, vol 24,
(1909) Reprinted in "Essays in our Changing Order" (New York:
Augustus M. Kelley, 1964), p. 143.
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Your third passage is nice because it comes from an essay that
illustrates an application of Veblen's evolutionary views. It's too
bad that the role of competition in the modern form of emulative
behavior can't be added to the quote. Anyway, the following corrects
the quotation by adding ellipses where required and notes the full
title of the essay.
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Human nature being what it is, the struggle of each to possess more
than his neighbor is inseparable from the institution of private
property. ... The inference seems to be that ... there can be no
peace from this--it must be admitted--ignoble form of emulation, or
from the discontent that goes with it, this side of the abolition of
private property.
"Some Neglected Points in the Theory of Socialism" Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 2 (Nov.,
1891), pp. 57-74. Reprinted in The Place of Science in Modern
Civilization, p. 391.
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Michael Nuwer
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