======================= HES POSTING ====================
Folks---- Two of my templates run over onto a second line. You will
recognize them, I trust. For now, I am uncertain about the "least common
line length" that I may presume among subscribers. Until the next version.
----Paul
REPORT: Citations of Electronic Sources 3 Mar 97
--------------------------------------- Paul Wendt
I: Citation Exemplars, Templates, and Components version 2.1
This report covers bibliographic (not footnote) citations for three
species in the electronic zoo, in two styles. The three species are
webpages, distributed e-mail list traffic, and private e-mail messages.
The two styles are H-Net and "MLA embellished" (hereafter "MLA").
Part I is a short reference with severely limited discussion. Part II
discusses many "sticky points" and tells where to go for more information.
CONTENTS of Part I
EXEMPLARS
TEMPLATES
COMPONENTS
SOURCES
EXEMPLARS presents "paradigm case" citation in each style for *one* member
of each species --supposedly a clean, simple, representative, textbook
member-- with brief notes. TEMPLATES presents the same abstractly.
COMPONENTS lists the information a researcher should record in order to be
prepared for citation in an unknown style.
=========
EXEMPLARS
=========
__Underline__ represents italics. On paper or in cyberspace, you should
use italics if available.
My remarks about permission are concerned with propriety, not law.
---------
species: WEB PAGES - such as published at the HES website
---------
By default, a web page is published (ie, in default of an explicit
statement to the contrary, such as "DRAFT: Do Not Quote Without
Permission"). It may properly be quoted like any paper publication (ie,
within the limits of the author's copyright --"fair use" in USAmerica).
For example, consider our modest directory of seminars in the history of
economic thought. You might cite that source for the information that
there are six North American seminars in H of E (which is implied there)
or that "the Kress Seminar derives its name from its original affiliation
with the Kress Library of Olde Economicks" (which is stated there).
H-Net
Emmett, Ross <[log in to unmask]> and Esther-Mirjam Sent
<[log in to unmask]>. "Seminars and Workshops". History of Economics
Society. <http://www.eh.net/HisEcSoc/Resources/seminars.shtml>. 6
December 1996.
MLA
Emmett, Ross, and Esther-Mirjam Sent. "Seminars and Workshops".
Online. History of Economics Society. 6 Dec. 1996. Available:
http://www.eh.net/HisEcSoc/Resources/seminars.shtml. 3 Mar. 1997.
"History of Economics Society" appears here as the publisher. Many web
pages, perhaps most, are privately published by the author.
H-Net includes the author's e-mail address if it appears on the page (or,
if known, with permission).
MLA includes your access date (the second date).
-------------------------------
species: DISTRIBUTED E-MAIL LIST TRAFFIC - such as distributed on HES list
-------------------------------
By default, e-mail list traffic is unpublished (ie, in default of an
explicit statement to the contrary, such as appears on the book reviews
forwarded here from other eh.net lists). It may not properly be quoted
(but may be described and cited) without permission.
For example, consider Ross Emmett's contribution to our discussion of the
history and sociology of economics according to George Stigler.
H-Net
Emmett, Ross <[log in to unmask]>. "Re: HES: DISC.
Stigler". In HES. <[log in to unmask]>. 22 September 1996. Archived at:
<http://cs.eh.net/Archives/hes/sep-96/0089.html>.
MLA
EMMER. "Re: HES: DISC. Stigler". 22 Sep. 1996. Online posting. History
of Economics Society. Available E-mail: [log in to unmask] 22 Sep.
1996.
"HES" and "History of Economics Society" appear here as the list name (not
as publisher; contrast the webpage). H-Net uses the official name, which
also appears as the first part of the list address ("hes"), whereas MLA
explains the name by expanding its acronym.
H-Net includes the author's e-mail address, with permission; and includes
the archive, if known, which implies some effort to learn it (typically,
effort by a subscriber who read the article when it was distributed).
MLA includes your access date (the second date). Since publication and
access dates are identical and no archive is cited, this example implies a
subscriber who read the article when it was distributed.
MLA accepts the author's username ("EMMER"), which is the nominal "Sender"
for some list traffic. If you do consult the archive copy --to retrieve
the author's real name or for any other reason-- you might cite that copy:
MLA
Emmett, Ross. "Re: HES: DISC. Stigler". 22 Sep. 1996. Online posting.
History of Economics Society. Available:
<http://cs.eh.net/Archives/hes/sep-96/0089.html>. 3 Mar. 1997.
For the archive copy, the two dates differ: distribution and access dates.
-----------------------
species: PRIVATE E-MAIL MESSAGES - such as between you and me
-----------------------
By default, private e-mail is unpublished, like a paper letter. It may
not properly be quoted without permission.
For example, consider the memo in which my co-editor, E-M Sent, suggested
that I prepare citation templates and post them to the list. ("In four
months time," I said. Is it February 29th yet?)
H-Net
Sent, Esther-Mirjam <[log in to unmask]>. "replies". Private e-mail message
to Paul Wendt <[log in to unmask]>. 29 October 1996.
MLA
Sent, Esther-Mirjam ([log in to unmask]). "replies". E-mail to Paul Wendt
([log in to unmask]). 29 Oct. 1996.
Both H-Net and MLA require the author's contemporary e-mail address.
Permission to quote e-mail implies permission to publish the address.
=========
TEMPLATES
=========
--X-- represents any variable, where X supposedly has mnemonic value
(eg, a = author's name, @ = e-mail address, and so on).
---------
species: WEB PAGES
---------
H-Net
--a-- <--@-->. "--t--". --p--. <--w-->. --d--.
Punctuation is constant, everything else variable. Variables are Author's
name and (with permission) e-mail address; Title, Publisher, Web address,
and publication Date.
MLA
--a--. "--t--". Online. --p--. --d--. Available: --w--. --d--.
"Online" and "Available:" are constant. Variables are Author, Title,
Publisher, publication Date; and access Web address and Date.
-------------------------------
species: DISTRIBUTED E-MAIL LIST TRAFFIC
-------------------------------
H-Net
--a-- <--@-->. "--t--". In --l--. <--@-->. --d--. Archived at: <--w--
>.
"In", "Archived at:", and punctuation are constant. Variables are
Author's name and (with permission) e-mail address; Title; List's name and
submission address; distribution Date; and (if known) archive address.
MLA
--a--. "--t--". --d--. Online posting. --l--. Available E-mail: [log in to unmask]
--d--.
"Online posting", "Available" and punctuation are constant. Variables are
are Author, Title, distribution Date; descriptive name of the List; access
address and Date. ("E-mail" fits the list address --contemporary access
by a subscriber. No analogue is necessary for the archive address, which
contains its protocol "http" in its prefix.)
----------------------
species: PRIVATE E-MAIL MESSAGE
----------------------
H-Net
--a-- <--@-->. "--t--". Private e-mail message to --r-- <--@-->. --d--
.
"Private e-mail message to" and punctuation are constant. Variables are
Author's name and (required) e-mail address; Title; Recipient's name and
(with permission) e-mail address; mailing Date.
MLA
--a-- (--@--). "--t--". E-mail to --r-- (--@--). --d--.
"E-mail to" and punctuation are constant. Variables are Author's name and
(required) e-mail address; Title; Recipient's name and (with permission)
e-mail address; mailing Date.
==========
COMPONENTS
==========
For the species covered here, the main differences in citation components
are that H-Net includes author's e-mail address (for list traffic or a web
page where the address does not appear, only with permission) and MLA
includes your access date (hence two dates, except for private e-mail).
For each species, the two columns below together provide a conservative
list of what should be recorded for later citation in an unknown style.
That is, "conservative" in that it will suffice for citation in either of
the two styles featured here. (Or "APA embellished". This section of
the report, at least, should be revised to cover other styles too.)
WEB PAGES
BOTH STYLES ONE STYLE
----------- ---------
Author's name
author's e-mail address (H-Net)
Title
Publisher
publication Date
Web address
access Date (MLA)
DISTRIBUTED E-MAIL LIST TRAFFIC
BOTH STYLES ONE STYLE
----------- ---------
Author's name
author's e-mail address (H-Net)
Title
List's name
* list's e-mail address
distribution Date
* archive address
access Date (MLA)
* MLA requires your access address, presumably one of the two
PRIVATE E-MAIL MESSAGES
BOTH STYLES
-----------
Author's name
author's e-mail address
Title
Recipient's name
recipient's e-mail address
mailing Date
=======
SOURCES
=======
(electronic sources cited in H-Net style)
H-Net style (endorsed by H-Net: History and Humanities Online)
Page, Melvin <[log in to unmask]>. "A Brief Citation
Guide for Internet Sources in History and the Humanities". 20 February
1996 (version 2.1). <http://h-net2.msu.edu/~africa/citation.html>.
MLA embellished style (unendorsed by MLA: Modern Languages Association)
Li, Xia <[log in to unmask]> and Nancy Crane <[log in to unmask]>.
"Electronic Sources: MLA Style of Citation". 26 July 1996.
<http://www.uvm.edu/~xli/reference/mla.html>.
Li, Xia, and Nancy Crane. 1996. __Electronic styles: A handbook for
citing electronic information (revised edition)__. Medford, NJ:
Information Today. [ISBN: 1-57387-027-7]
----Paul
Paul Wendt, Watertown MA
HES e-subscriptions manager and asst.editor
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