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The basic reference for the word 'entrepreneur' is Cantillon (c1730,  
published 1755). He used the word (in French) to mean anyone whose  
income is not fixed in advance but depends on the success of production 
and on the prices realized. So a farmer is an entrepreneur, for  
example, but someone who works for a contractual wage is not. The word  
was in use in French at the time to mean a contractor, typically a  
government contractor, but Cantillon transformed it into a technical  
economic term. The English language equivalent at the time was  
'undertaker'. 
 
Tony Brewer 
 
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