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What I find odd about Phil's project are (a) his project seems 
to leave out of the picture Michael Ghiselin's Darwinian attack on 
traditional ecology and (neo-classical style) conceptual realist 
'explanatory' efforts in mathematical population genetics; and (b) 
his grouping of theorists who provide models of Darwinian fitness 
optimization as the 'single scale of utility' with those in the  
more properly ecological tradition who who seek to model the flow of 
'energy'.  I am not a student of either ecology or the history of 
ecology, so perhaps this a failure on my part to identify a standard 
identity in the literature.  Reference:  Michael Ghiselin, _The 
Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex_, Los Angeles:  U. of 
California Press, 1974. 
 
Greg Ransom 
Dept. of Philosophy 
UC-Riverside 
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