Dear Albert C-L LIN,  
  
I can only give you the Japanese case.  
  
In the 1950s and the 1960s, Japan's MITI (Ministry of International   
Trade and Industry) often used the concept of 'excessive competition'   
for the foundation of MITI's policies such as 'industrial structure policy'   
to maintain 'economic order and well-being' in Japan's economy. It was   
certainly against the sprit of antitrust and supported cartels (especially   
during recessions).  
  
In the 1970s, MITI's skeptical philosophy toward competition received   
attention from abroad. In the 1980s, it was criticized by American   
scholars in the 1980s.  
  
MITI has become METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)   
since 2001 when the central ministries and agencies were institutionally  
reformed. It does not put much emphasis on international trade,   
especially the promotion of exports, any more.  
  
Well, I have heard that some MITI officials paid attention to the French  
government's economic policy and followed its ideas after 1960.   
I did not know about the German roots for the concept of 'excessive   
competition'. But I wonder if it might have something to do with the   
so-called Fuhrer system.   
  
  
There are several references on the Japanese case.  
  
P. Trezise's chapter  
in H. Patrick and H. Rosovsky eds (1976) _Asia's New Giant._   
Washington D.C. Brookings Institution.  
  
Johnson, C. (1982). _MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of  
Industrial Policy, 1925-1975_. Stanford: Stanford Univ Press.    
  
A. Ikeo, (Japanese) Economists and Economic Policies  
A. Noguchi, External Liberalization and 'Industrial Structure Policy'    
In _Japanese Economics and Economists since 1945_ edited by  
A. Ikeo. London: Routledge, 2000.  
  
Sincerely,  
  
Aiko Ikeo